Schizoaffective and mood dissorde exclusion: Schizoaffective and mood dissorder with psychotic features have been rule out because of either 1 no major depressive, manic or mixed episodes have occured concurently with the active phase symptoms, or 2 if mood episode have occured during the active phase symptoms ,their total duration has beeen relative to the duration of the active and residual peroiods.
Penyingkiran skizofektif dan gangguan mood: Gangguan skizoafektif dan mood dengan gambaran psikotik dikesampingkan karena : 1 tidak ada episode depresi, mania atau campuran keduanya yang terjadi bersamaan dengan gejala-gelala fase aktif, 2 jika episode mood terjadi intra fase aktif maka perlangsungannya relatif singkat dibanding periode fase aktif dan residual.
Penyingkiran kondisi medis dan zat: Gangguan ini bukan disebabkan oleh efek fisiologis langsung dari suatu zat seperti obat-obatan medikasi atau yang disalah gunakan atau oleh suatu kondisi medis umum. Relationship to a pervasive developmental dissorder: if there is a history of Autistic dissorde or another pervasive developmental disorder, the additional diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations are also present for at least 1 month or les if successfull treated.
Hubungan dengan suatu gangguan perkembangan pervasif: Jika terdapat riwayat autistik atau gangguan pervasif lainnya maka tambahan diagnosa skizofernia hanya dibuat bila juga terdapat delusi atau halusinasi yang menonjol dalam waktu sedikitnya 1 bulan atau kurang jika berhasil diterapi.
Classification of longitudinal course can be applied only after at least 1 year has elapsed since the initial onset of active phase symptoms Klasifikasi berdasarkan perjalanannya longitudinal;hanya dipakai setelah minimal 1 tahun berlalu semenjak onset dari gejala-gejala fase aktif pertama : Episodik dengan gejala-gejala residual interepisode episode ditandai dengan keadaan kekambuhan dari gejala-gejala psikosis juga tentukan jika disertai gejala-gejala negatif yang menonjol.
Episodik tanpa gejala-gejala residual interepisode. Episode tunggal dengan remisi parsial; juga tentukan jika disertai gejala-gejala negatif yang menonjol. Episode tunggal dengan remisi penuh Pola lainnya atau yang tidak ditentukan. Preokupasi dgn 1 atau lebih waham atau sering berhalusinasi auditorik. Gejala2 berikut tidak menonjol: pembicaraan atau perilaku yang janggal atau katatonik atau afek datar atau inappropriate. Semua gejala berikut menonjol: 1.
Kriteria tipe katatonik tidak terpenuhi. Tipe tak tergolongkan Suatu tipe skizofrenia yg memenuhi kriteria A tapi tidak memenuhi kriteria tipe Paranoid,Kacau atau katatonik. Adanya bukti perlangsunan gangguan spt yang ditunjukan olehgejala2 negatif dlm kriteria A skizofrenia dlm bentuk yg lebih lemah keyakinan2 aneh,pengalaman2 persepsi yg tidak biasanya.
Criteria A, D, and E of schizophrenia are met. Kriteria a,d dan e dari skizofrenia terpenuhi. An episode of the disorder including prodormal, active, and residual phases lasts at least 1 month but less rhan 6 months. Whenthe diagnosis must be made without waiting for recovery.
Specify if: Without good prognostic features With good progostic features: as evidenced by two or more of the following: 1. An uninterrupted period of illness during witch, at some time, there is either a major depressive episode, a manic episode, or a mixed episode concurrent with symptoms that meet criterion A for schizophrenia.
Note: The major depressive episode must include criterion A1: depressed mood. Suatu periode gangguan tak terputus dimana suatu saat didalamnya terdapat episode depresif mayor, mania atau campuran bersamaan dengan gejala-gejala yang memenuhi kriteria A pada skizofrenia.
Catatan: harus ada mood depresif pada Episode depresi mayor. During the same period of illness, there have been delusions or hallucinations for at least 2 weeks in the absence of prominent mood symptoms. Selama periode yang sama dari penyakit tanpa adanya gejala2 mood yang menonjol terdapat waham-waham atau halusinasi2 sedikitnya selama 2 minggu. Symptoms that meet criteria for a mood episode are present sor a substantialportion of the total duration of the active and residual periods of the illness.
Adanya gejala-gejala yang memenuhi kriteria episode gangguan mood dalam porsi yang bermakan dari total durasi fase aktif dan residual penyakit. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiologic effects of a substance e. Gangguan ini bukan disebabkan oleh efek fisiologis langsung dari suatu zat seperti obat-obatan medikasi atau yang disalah gunakan atau oleh suatu kondisi medis umum.
Nonbizarre delusions i. Waham2 tidak janggal yang sedikitnya berlangsung selama 1 bulan mis. Criterion A for schizophrenia has never been met. Note: Tactile and olfactory hallucinations may be present in dilusional disorder if they are related to the delutional theme.
Kriteria A Skizofrenia tidak terpenuhi. Apart from the impact of the delusion s or its ramifications, functioning is not markedly impaired and behavior is not obviously odd or bizarre. Lepas dari dampak waham2 atau yg terkait dgn itu, fungsi2 tidak nyata terganggu dan perilaku jelas tidak ganjil atau janggal.
If mood episodes have occured concurrently with delusions, their total duration has been brief relative to the duration of the delusional periods. Jika ada gangguan episode mood bersamaandgn waham maka terjadi relatif singkat dibanding durasi episode waham. Presence of one or more of the following symptoms: 1. Adanya 1 ataulebih gejala-gejala berikut: 1. Duration of an episode of the disturbance is at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual full return to premorbid level of functioning.
Durasi episode gangguan sedikitnya 1 hari sampai kurangdari 1 bulan dan dapat kembali penuh berfungsi seperti keadaan premorbid. The disturbance is not better accounted for by a mood disorder with psychotic features, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophrenia and is not due to the direct physiologic effects of a substance e.
Gangguan ini tidak memenuhi kriteria gangguan mood dgn gambaran psikotik,skizoafektif,atau skizofrenia dan tidak disebabkan ole efek fisiologis darizat medikasi,penyalahgunaan obat atau kondisi medis umum. Five or more of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2 week period and represent a change from previous functioning: at least one of the symptoms is either 1 depressed mood or 2 loss of interest or pleasure Note: Do not include symptomsthat are clearly due to a general medical condition, or mood-incongruent delusions or hallucinations.
Adanya 5 ataulebih gejala2 berikut yg telah berlangsung dalam 2 minggu yg sama dan menunjukan perubahan dari fungsi2 sebelumnya dimana salah satunya adalah mood depresif atau kehilangan minat atau rasa senang.
Note : in children and adolescents, can be irritable mood. Mood depresi berlangsung sepanjang hari pada hampir setiap hari sebagaimana dikeluhkan secara subjektif merasa sedih atau hampa atau diamati orang lain terlihat berlinangan airmata. Cat pada anak dan remaja tampil sebagai mood irritable. The symptoms do not meet criteria for a mixed episode.
Gejala2 tdk memenuhi kriteri episode campuran. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning Gejala2 menyebabkab penderitaaan yg bermakna klinis atau hambatan sosial,pekerjaan atau area penting kehidupan lainnya.
The symptoms are not due to the direct physiologic effects of a substance e. The symptoms are not better accounted for by bereavement i. Gejala2 tidak termasuk: keadaan dukacita mis. Adanya Episode Depresi Mayor tunggal. Tidak pernah ada episode Mania,Hipomania atau Campuran. Adanya 2 atau lebih Episode Depresi Mayor.. Cata: kalau dianggap sbg episode yg berbeda maka harus ada interval 2 bulan berturut yg tdk memenuhi kriteria Episode Depresi Mayor..
Berat tanpa gambaran psikotik: adanya sejumlah gejala diagnostik lebih dari ringan dan sedang dimana nyata menggangu fungi2 okupasional, aktifits2 sosisl atau hub dgn sesama. Berat dgn gambaran psikotik: terdapat waham atau halusinasi, jika memungkinkan tentukan: -gambaran psikotik sesuai mood: waham dan halusinasi 2 yg menetap bertema khas depresi ttg ketidak mampuan, rasa bersalah, penyakit, kematian, nihilistik atu berhak menerima hukuman. Dlm remisi parsial: kriteria penuh Episode Depresi Mayor tidak terpenuhi atau adanya periode tanpa gejala2 khas sedikitnya 2 bulan sesudah Episode Depresi Mayor terakhir jika bertumpang tindih dgn ggn Distimia maka diagnosis ini yg ditegakan saat kriteria penuh Episode Depresi Mayor tidak terpenuhi.
Dlm remisi penuh: tidak ada gejala dantanda bermakna Episode Depresi Mayor dlm 2 bulan terakhir. YTT DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic criteria for melancholic features specified Specify if: With melancholic features can be applied the current or most recent major depressive episode in major depressive disorder and to a major depressive episode in bipolar I or bipolar II disorder only if it is the most recent type of mood episode Gambaran melankolik dapat diterapkan pd episode Depresif Mayor terakhir atau kini dari ggn Depresif Mayor dan episode Depresif Mayor dlm ggn BipolarI atau II jika hal in adalah tipe tersering dari episode mood.
Either of the following, occurring during the most severe period of the current episode : 1 Loss of pleasure in all, or almost all, activities 2 Lack of reactivity to usually pleasureable stimuli does not feel much better, even temporarily, when something good happens Salah satu dibawah ini terjadi selama periode terparah episode kini: 1.
Three or more of the following: 1 Distinct quality of depressed mood i. Mood reactivity i. Two or more of the following feature: 1 Significant weight gain or increase in appetite 2 Hipersomnia 3 Leaden paralysis i.
Criteria are not met for with melancholic features or with catatonic features during the same episode. Tidak memenuhi criteria gambaran melankolis atau katatonik selama episode yg sama. Gambaran klinis didominasi setidaknya oleh 2 hal berikut: 1. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least 1 week or any duration if hospitalization is necessary. Adanya periode nyata dari mood2 elevasi,expansif atau irritable yg abnormal dan menetap sedikitnya 1 minggu atau lebih singkat dimana harus rawat inap.
During the period of mood disturbance, three or more of the following symptoms have persisted four if the mood is only irritable and have been present to a significant degree: Selama periode kekacauan mood diatas terdapat 3 gejala menetap ataulebih atau 4 jika moodnya hanya irritable dan pada derajat yg bermakna dari: 1 Infiated self-esteem or grandiosity rasa harga diri meningkat atau kebesaran.
Gejala2 diatas tidak memenuhi kriteri episode campuran. The mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in occupational functioning or in usual social activities or relationships with others, or to necessitate hospitalization to prevebt harm to self or other, or there are psychotic features. Gangguan mood ini mampu merusak fungsi2 pekerjaan atau aktifitas2 sosial dgn sesama, atau dibutuhkan awat inap utk mencegah tindakan membahayakan diri sendir atau orang lain, atau adanya gambaran psikotik.
Gejala2 tidak disebabkan oleh efek fisiologis langsung dari zat medikasi,penyalahgunaan obat, atau terapi lainnya atau kondisi medis umum mis, hipertiroid. Note : Maniclike episodes that are clearly caused by somatic antidepressant treatment e. Dlm remisi penuh: tdk ada gejala2 atau tanda2 khas sedikitnya 2 bulan sesudah Episode Mania terakhir. A distinct period of persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting throughtout 4 days, that is clearly different from the usual nondepressed mood.
Adanya periode nyata dari mood2 elevasi,expansif atau irritable yg abnormal dan menetap sedikitnya 4 hari yg mana jelas berbeda dgn mood non-depresi lazimnya. During the period of mood disturbance, three or more of the following symptoms have persisted four if the mood is only irritable and have been present to a significant degree Selama periode kekacauan mood diatas terdapat 3 gejala memnetap ataulebih atau 4 jika moodnya hanya irritable dan pada derajat yg bermakna dari: : 1.
Infiated self-esteem or grandiosity rasa harga diri meningkat atau kebesaran. Decreased need for sleep e. More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking lebih aktif bicara dari biasanya atau dorongan kuat bicara terus-menerus. Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing lompat gagasan atau pikiran dirasakan seperti berpacu.
Distractibility i. Increase in goal-directed activity either socially, at work or school, or sexually or psychomotor agitation peningkatan intensitas aktifitas yg bertujuan apakah disekolah, tempat kerja, lingkungan sosial, atau aktifitas sexual atau agitasi psikomotor 7.
Excessive involvement in pleasureable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences e. The episode is associated with an unequivocal change in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the person when not symptomatic.
Episode dimaksud berhubungan dgn nyatanya perubahan fungsi2 yg tidak sesuai dgn ybs ketika tidak adanya gejala. The disturbance in mood and the change in functioning are observable by others. Gangguan mood dan perubahan2 fungsi diatas dapat diamati sesama.
The episode is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning, or to necessitate hospitalization, and there are no psychotic features. Episodenya tidak cukup kuat merusak fungsi2 pekerjaan atau aktifitas2 sosial dgn sesama, atau dibutuhkan awat inap, atau adanya gambaran psikotik.
Depressed mood for most of the day,for more days than not,as indicated elther by subjective account or observation by other.
For at least 2 years. Note: in children and adolescents,mood can be iritble and duration must be at least 1 year. Berlangsungnya mood depresif hampir sepanjang dan setiap hari yg dikeluhkan ybs atau diamati sesama selama sedikitnya 2 tahun. Presence,while depressed,of trwo or more of the following: 1 poor appetite or overeating 2 insomnis or hypersomnia 3 low energy or fatigue 4 low self-esteem 5 poor concentration or difficulty making decisions 6 feelings of hopelessness Terdapatnya 2 ataulebih hal2 berikut: 1.
During the 2-yearperiod 1 year for children or adolescents of the disturbance, the person has never been without the symptoms in criteria A and B for more than 2 months at a time. Tidak pernah bebas gejala2 kriteria A dan B lebih dari 2 bulan selama periode 2 tahun pertama gangguan 1 tahun untuk anak2 dan remaja.
No mayor depressive episode has been present during the firs 2 years of the disturbance 1 year for children and adolescents ;l,e. Tidak pernah terdapat episode Depresi Mayor selama periode 2 tahun pertama gangguan 1 tahun untuk anak2 dan remaja dan tidak dapat digolongkan sebagai Ggn Depresi Mayor kronis atau Ggn Depresi Mayor dlm remisi parsial.
There has never been a manic episode, a mixed episode, or a hypomanic episode, and criteria have never been met for cyclothymic disorder. Tidak pernah ada episode mania,campuran atau hipomania dan tidakmemenuhi kriteria siklotimia F.
The disturbance does not accur exclusively during the course of a chronic psychotic disorder , such as schizophrenia or delusional disorder. Gangguan ini tidak terjadi dalam perjalanan ggn psikotik kronis spt skizofrenia atau ggn waham.
The symptoms are not due to the direct physiologic effects of a substance e,g. Gejala2 tidak disebabkan oleh efek fisiologis langsung dari zat medikasi,penyalahgunaan obat atau kondisi medis umum mis, hipotiroid.
The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social,occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Gejala2 diatas menyebabkan penderitaan dan hambatan bermakna klinis dlm fungsi sosial,pekerjaan atau area fungsional penting lainnya.
Specify if: Early onset : if onset is before age 21 years Late onset : if onset is age 21 years or older Specity for most recent 2 years of dysthymic disorder : With atypical features Tentukan jika: Onset dini: jika dialami sebelum usia 21 tahun. Onset tertunda: jika dialami sesudah usia 21 tahun. Tentukan jika pd 2 tahun terakhir dari ggn distimia :Dgn gambaran atipik From American Psychiatric Association.
The presence of numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode. Note: in children and adolescents, the duration must be at least 1 year. Sering munculnya periode gejala2 hipomania dan depresi yg tidak memnuhi kriteria episode depresi mayor sedikitnya selama 2 tahun.
During the above 2 year period 1 year in children and adolescents , the person has not been without the symptoms in criterion A for more than 2 months at a time. Selama periode 2 tahun diatas pada anak2 dan remaja durasi sedikitnya 1 tahun , ybs tidak pernah bebas dari gejala2 kriteria A lebihdari 2 bulan.
No major depressive episode, manic episode, or mixed episodes has been present during the first 2 years of the disturbance. Tidak pernah ada episode dpresi mayor, mania, atau campuran pada 2 tahun pertama ggn Note After the initial 2 years 1 year in children and adolescent of cyclothymic disorder, there may be superimposed manic or mixed episodes in Which case both bipolar I disorder and cyclothymic disorder may be diagnosed or major depressive episodes in which case both bipolar II disorder and cyclothymic, disorder may be diagnosed.
The symptoms in criterion A are not better accounted for by schizoaffective disorder and are not superimposed on schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified. Gejala2 kriteria A tidak dapat digolongkan sebagai skizoafektif dan bertumpang tindih dgn ggn skizofrenia, skizofreniform, waham atau psikotik tak tertentukan.
The symptoms are not due to the direct physiologic effect of a substance e. Gejala tidak disebabkan oleh efek fisiologis langsung dari zat medikasi,penyalahgunaan obat atau kondisi medis umum mis, hipertiroid. The symptoms cause clinical significant distress or impairment in social, occupational , or other important areas of functioning.
Code the specific diagnosis in which the panic attack occurs e. Agoraphobia dgn panik. A discrete period of intense fear or discomfort, in wich four or more of the following symptoms developed abruptty and reached a peak within 10 minutes.
Adanya suatu periode ketakutan mencekam atau tidak nyaman yg khas dimana gejala2 berikut terjadi mendadak dan memuncak dlm 10 menit: 1 palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate palpitasi, jantung berdebar keras, atau berpacu. Code the specific disorder in which Agoraphobia occurs e. Agoraphobia dgn panik atau tanpa riwayat panik. Anxiety about being in places or stuations from which escape might be diffucult or embarrassing or in which help might not be available in the even unexpected or situationally predisposed Panic attack or panic like symptoms.
Agoraphobia fears typically involve characteristic clusters of situations that include being outside the home alone, being in a crowd or standing in a line, being on bridge and traveling in abus, train or automobile. Note: Consider the specific Phobia if the avoidance is limited to one or a few only a specific situations, or Social phobia if the avoidance limited to the social situations.
Anxietas berada di tempat atau situasi dimana menyelamatkan diri mgk sulit atu memalukan atau tiada pertolongan pada saat terjadi serangan atau mirip panik yg tak terduga atau situasional. Agoraphobia khas terjadi pd sekelompok situasi ketika sendirian diluar rumah, ditengah keramaian atau antrian, diatas jembatan, bepergian dgn bis, kereta api atau mobil. The situations are avoided e. Situasi2 diatas dihindari membatasi perjalanan atau terpaksa dijalani dgn berbeban atu dgn kecemasan akan mengalami serangan panik atau mirip atau membutuhkan teman pendamping.
The anxiety or phobic avoidance is not better accounted for by another mental disoerder such as Social Phobia, specific phobia, Obssesive-Compulsive disorder, Posttraumatic Stress disorder, Separation Anxiety disorder. Excessive anxiety and worry apprehensive expectation , occurring more days than not for a least 6 months, about a number of events or activities such as work or school performance.
Kecemasan dan kekhawatiran berlebihan harap-harap cemaans pd berbagai kejadian atau kegiatan spt disekolah, tempat kerja yg berlangsung lebihdari 6 bulan. The person finds it difficult to control the worry. Ybs menyadari tidak dapat mengendalikan kekhawatiran diatas. The anxiety and worry are associated with three or more of the following six simptoms with at least some simptoms present for more days than not for the past 6 months.
Note: Only one item is required in children. Kecemasan dan kekhawatiran berhubungan dgn 3 atau lebih dari 6 gejala berikut yg berlangsung lebihdari 6 bulan. The focus of the anxiety and worry is not confined to features of on Axis I disorder, for example, the anxiety or worry is not about having a panic attack as in panic disorder , being embarassed in public as in social phobia , being contaminated as in obssesive-compulsive disorder , being away from home or close relatives as in separations anxiety disorder , gaining weight as in anorexia nervosa , having multiple physical complaints as in somatization disorder , or having a serious illness as in hypochondriasis , and the anxiety and worry do not occur exclusively during posttraumatic stress disorder.
Inti kecemasan dan kekhawatiran berlebihan ini mengambang, tidak jelas spt gambaran gangguan axis I. Contohnya kecemasan dan kekhawatiran bukan tentang akan mengalami serangan panik ggn panik , akan dipermalukan dimuka umum phobia sosial , tercemar OCD , jauh dari rumah atau saudara dekat ggn cemas perpisahan , menjadi gemuk anorexia nervosa , mengalami berbagai ggn somatis ggn somatisasi , memiiliki suatu penyakit serius hipokondriasis dan tidak terjadi hanya selama ggn cemas pasca trauma.
The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas or functioning. Kecemasan, kekhawatiran atau gejala2 fisik diatas menyebabkan penderitaan dan hambatan bermakna klinis dlm fungsi sosial,pekerjaan atau area fungsional penting lainnya. Gangguan ini tidak disebabkan oleh efek fisiologis langsung dari zat medikasi,penyalahgunaan obat, atau terapi lainnya atau kondisi medis umum mis, hipertiroid dan tidak terjadi hanya selama ggn mood, psikotik atu suatu ggn perkembangan pervasif.
Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or the anticipation of a specific object or situation e.
Ketakutan menetap dan nyata yg berlebihan atau tidak masuk akal terhadap atu antisipasi objek spesifik atau situasi spt penerbangan, ketinggian,hewan, saat disuntik, melihat darah B. Exposure to the phobic stimulus almost invariably provokes an immediate anxiety respons, which may take the form of a situationally predisposed panic attack.
Note: in children, the anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, C. Ketika terpapar pd stimulus phobik hampir selalu mencetus kecemasan mendadak yg dapat menjadi serangan panik berkaitan dgn hal itu. The person recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable. Note: in children, this feature may be absent. Ybs menyadari ketakutan ini berlebihan atau tidak masuk akal. Pada anak hal ini tidak ada.
The phobic situation s is avoided or else is endured with intense anxiety or distress Situasi2 phobik dihindari atau dijalani dgn kecemasan kuat atau penderitaan. Penghindaran, kecemasan antisipatif, atau penderitaan pada situasi2 yg ditakutkan menganggu secara bermakna pd rutinitas normal ybs,pekerjaan atau akademik atau aktifitas sosial atau hubungan lainnya atau adanya penderitaan yg nyata ttg phobianya.
In individuals under age 18 years, in the duration is eat least 6 months. Jika berusia kurang dari 18 tahun maka durasinya minimal 6 bulan. The anxiety, panic attacks, or phobic avoidance associated with the specific object or situations is not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as obssesive-compulsive disorder e.
Kecemasan, serangan panik, penghindaran objek atau situasi spesifik tidak dapat dikategorikan pd ggn mental lainnya spt OCD,PTSD, Kecemasan perpisahan, Phobia sosial, panik dgn agoraphobia atau agora phobia tanpa riwayat panik.
Specity type: Animal type Natural environment type e. A marked an persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to posible scrutiny by others. The individual fears that he or she will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be humiliating or embrassing. Note: In children, there must be evidence of the capacity for age approppriate social relationships with familiar people and the anxiety must occur in peer settings, not just in interactions with adults.
Ketakutan yg nyata dan menetap dari 1 atau lebih situasi atau penampilan dimana ybs terpapar dgn orang2 yg tidak dikenal atau merasa ditelanjangi oleh org lain. Ketakutan2 individu yaitu dia akan bertingkah atau menunjukan gejala ansietas yg akan dihina atau dipermalukan. Exposure to the feared social situation almost invariably provokes anxiety, which may take the form of a situasionally bound or situasionally predisposed panic attack.
Note: In children, the anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantums, freezing, or shrinking from social situations with unfamiliar people. Ansietas hampir selalu tercetus ketika terpapar dgn stuasi2 sosial terkait yg ditakutkan yg mgk saja merupakan predisposisi terhadap serangan panic.
Note: In children, this feature may be absent. Ketakutan mana disadari ybs sbg berlebihan atau tidak beralasan. The feared social or performance situations are avoided or else are endured with intense anxiety or distress. Situasi2 sosial atau penampilan yg ditakuti dihindarinya atau dijalani dgn ansietas yg kuat atau menderita karenanya. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distress in the feared social or performance situation s interferes significantly with the person's normal routine,occupational academic functioning, or social activities or relationships, or there is marked distress about having the phobia.
Penghindaran, kecemasan antisipatif atau penderitaan dlm situasi2 sosial atau penampilan yg ditakuti menginterfensi secara bermakna dlm rutinitas noramal, fungsi okupasi akademik atau hubungan2 adan aktifitas social pasien atau adnya penderitaan yg nyata ok mengalami fobia ini. In individuals under age 18 years, the duration is at least 6 months. Other obsession or compulsions: Obsesi2 atau kompulsi2 lainnya: Obsession as defined by 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 : Obsesi yg didefinisikan pada 1. Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress Pikiran2 berulang dan menetap, dorongan2 atau khayalan yg dialami dalam waktu ttt selama gangguan ini sebagai sesuatu yg tak diundang dan tidak sesuai yg menyebabkan ansietas nyata ataupun penderitaan 2.
The thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worries about real-life problems Pikiran2, dorongan2 atau khayalan2 diatas bukanlah hanya kekhawatiran berlebihan ttg problema2 kehidupan sehari2 3. At some point during the course of the disorder, the person has recognized that the obsessions or compulsions are excessive or unreasonable. Note: This does not apply to children. Pd suatu titik dlm perjalanan ggn ini, ybs menyadari bhw obsesi2 atau kompolsi2 diatas adalah berlebihan atau tidak beralasan.
If another Axis 1 disorder is present, the content of the obsessions or compulsions is not restricted to it e. Jiak terdapat juga ggn axis I lainnya, isi dari obsesi2 atau kompulsi2 tidak terbatas padanya mis. The disturbance is not caused by the direct physiologic effect of a substance e.
Gangguan ini tidak disebabkan efek fisilogis lsg dari zat drug abuse, medikasi atau suatu kondis medis umum Specify if: With poor insight: if, for most of the time during the current episode, the person does not recognize that the obsessions and compulsions are excessive or unreasonable Tentukan jika: dgn tilikan buruk: jika pd hampir selama episode terakhir, ybs tdk menyadari obsesi2 dan kompulsi diatas adalah diatas berlebihan atau tidak beralasan From American Psichiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, text revision, 4th ed.
The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were present: Ybs selama ini terpapar dgn kejadian traumatis dimana terdapat kedua hal berikut: 1. Note: in children, this may be expressed instead by disorganized or agitated behavior. Respons2 ybs melibatkan ketakutan, ketidakberdayaan atau horor. The traumatic event is persistently reexperienced in one or more of the following ways.
Note: in young children, repetitive play may occur in which themes or aspects of the trauma are expressed. Perulangan dan kenangan2 kejadian yg bersifat intrusive dan menderitakan termasuk bayangan2, pikiran2, atau persepsi2nya. Recurrent distressing dreams of the event.
Note: in children, there may be frightening dreams without recognizable content. Berulangnya mimpi2 menderitakan dari kejadian itu. Acting or feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring includes a sense of reliving the experience, illusions, hallucinations, and dissociative flashback episodes, including those that occur on awakening or when intoxicated.
Note: in young children, trauma-specific reenactment may occur. Berperangai atau merasakan seakan2 kejadian traumatis itu kembali terjadi termasuk perasan meghidupkan kembali pengalaman, ilusi2, halusinasi2 dan episode2 disosiatif pengingatan kembali baik yg terjdi wkt terjaga atau ketika mabuk. Intense psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event Mengalami penderitaan psikologis yg meningkat saat terpapar dgn kata atau kode internal atau eksternal yg menyimbolkan atau menyrupai suatu aspek dari kejadian trumatis tsb 5.
Physiologic reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event Terjadi reaktifitas fisiologis saat terpapar dgn kata atau kode internal atau eksternal yg menyimbolkan atau menyrupai suatu aspek dari kejadian trumatis tsb C. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal not present before the trauma , as indicated by two or more of the following. Gejala2 menetap dari peningkatan kewaspadaan tidak ada sebelum trauma spt yg ditunjukan oleh 2 atau lebih hal2 berikut: 1.
Hypervigilance Kewaspadaan berlebihan 5. Duration of the disturbance symptoms in criteria B,C, and D is more than 1 month. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Ggn ini menyebabkan penderitaan yg bermakna klinis atau hambatan dlm area social, okupasional atau area fungsional penting lainnya.
Specify if: Acute: if symptoms last less than 3 month Chronic: if symptoms last 3 months or more Tentukan jika: Akut: jika gejala2 berlangsung From American Psychiatric Association.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, text revision, 4th ed. A history of many physical complaints beginning before age 30 years that occur over a period of several years and result in treatment being sought or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Adanya riwayat keluhan-keluhan fisik yang dimulai sebelum usia 30 tahun yang berlangsung dalam periode beberapa tahun dan mencari-cari penyembuhannya atau terjadi hambatan bermakna dalam fungsi-fungsi sosial, pekerjaan, atau area penting lainnya.
Each of the following criteria must have been met, with individual symptoms occurring at any time during the course of the disturbance Setiap kriteria berikut selama ini harus terpenuhi dimana gejala-gejala individu terjadi pada suatu waktu dalam perjalanan gangguan: 1.
Four pain symptoms ; a history of pain related to at least four different sites or functions e. Two gastrointestinal symptoms : a history of at least two gastrointestinal symptoms other than pain e. One sexual symptom : a history of at least one sexual or reproductive symptom other than pain e. One pseudoneurologic symptom : a history of at least one symptom or deficit suggesting a neurologic condition not limited to pain conversion symptoms such as impaired coordination or balance, paralysis or localized weakness, difficulty swallowing or lump in throat, aphonia, urinary retention, hallucinations, loss of touch or pain sensation, double vision, blindness, deafness, seizures ; dissociative symptoms such as amnesia ; or loss of consciousness other than fainting.
Either 1 or 2 Adanya 1 atau 2: 1. After appropiate investigation, each of the symptoms in Criterian B cannot be fully explained by a known general medical condition or the direct effects of a substance e.
Setelah penelitian yang sesuai; gejala-gejala pada kriteria B tidak dapat dijelaskan berdasarkan kondisi medis umum yang dikenal atau efek langsung dari zat penyalahgunaan obat atau medikasi 2. When there is a related general medical condition, the physical complaints or resulting social or occupational impairment are in excess of what would be expected from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings.
Ketika ada kaitan dengan suatu kondisi medis umum, keluhan-keluhan fisik atau hambatan sosial atau pekerjaan adalah berlebihan berdasarkan riwayat, pemeriksaan fisik atau temuan-temuan laboratorium. The symptoms are not intentionally feigned or produced as in factitious disorder or malingering.
Gejala2 tidak dimaksudkan dibuat-buat atau disengaja seperti pada gangguan buatan atau malingering. One or more symptoms or deficit affecting voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest to neurogical or other general medical condition.
Psychological factors are judged to be associated with the symptom or deficit because the initiation oe exacerbation of the symptom or deficit in preceded by conflicts or other stressor. The editors are with the psychiatry department at Columbia University.
Annotation c. Book News, Inc. One of the main purposes of psychiatric diagnosis is to guide treatment selection. Treatments include:Antabuse disulfiram Cholinesterase inhibitors Electroconvulsive therapy Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsStimulants Behavior exposure Behavior therapy Classroom behavior modification Cognitive enhancement therapy Cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy Cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention therapy Cognitive-behavioral therapy Contingency management Couple therapy Dialectical behavior therapy Family psychoeducation Family-focused therapy Interpersonal psychotherapy Interpersonal social rhythm therapy Motivational interviewing Personal therapy Psychodynamically based partial hospitalization Relaxation exercises Self-help groups Social skills training Supportive psychotherapy Transference-focused psychotherapy.
Galanter, M. The book presents 29 cases written by experts in the field to provide readers with realistic examples of the types of patients that clinicians encounter in practice. Each case is accompanied by two commentaries from leading clinicians including child and adolescent psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, developmental behavioral pediatricians and nurses , who provide their perspective on diagnostic formulation and treatment recommendations, focusing either on psychotherapy or psychopharmacology.
Experts draw from a combination of evidence-based assessment and interventions, biopsychosocial approaches, a systems perspective, and commonsense thinking.
Thus each chapter provides an opportunity to see how field leaders would approach the diagnosis and treatment of a child or adolescent. The collaboration among the case authors and commentators yields an approach that is flexible and expansive enough to be of help to clinicians of varied disciplines working in child and adolescent mental health. Amen by Daniel G. It's always fun to read American Psychiatric Association books. Add a review Your Rating: Your Comment:. Hot Going Home by A.
American by A. Hot Escaping Home by A. Hot Surviving Home by A. Notes from an exhibition by Patrick Gale.
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